Asbestos
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 114 KB)
abstract:	Asbestos poses a health risk if disturbed and inhaled. Asbestos is commonly found in popcorn ceilings, furnace and plumbing insulation, siding and floor tiles. This fact sheet describes how asbestos is regulated and what is required in the removal of asbestos.

Empty containers
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 185 KB)
abstract:	Special definitions apply to "containers" and "empty". This fact sheet describes how to handle empty containers, including aerosol cans and containers that held hazardous waste. It also discusses proper storage and transport of empty containers. Formerly titled,"How to handle empty containers".

Labeling Waste
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 188 KB)
abstract:	Labels provide vital information about chemical hazards and help prevent accidents and improper disposal of "unknown" wastes. This fact sheet tells how to segregate and store wastes and how to properly label them. It provides information about shipping label requirements, requirements for Universal Wastes and addresses common labeling problems--and solutions.

Manifests and shipping papers: what small businesses need to know
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 171 KB)
abstract:	Hazardous waste manifests and shipping papers help a business track hazardous waste from cradle to grave, that is, from the point of generation to ultimate disposal. This paperwork provides an important record of waste disposal. The fact sheet describes requirements for using a manifest and other types of shipping paperwork and provides other tips on creating a safe paper trail.

Mercury in Healthcare Facilities
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 175 KB)
abstract:	This fact sheet describes the mercury-containing equipment and products (sphygmomanometers, thermometers, fluorescents, lab chemicals) that may be found in healthcare facilities and describes how to dispose of these. It also describes how to manage mercury spills.

Mercury in King County
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 437 KB) To request a printed copy of the report, contact Alice Chapman at alice.chapman@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3058.
abstract:	Mercury sources (amount in use, disposed or released) in King County were quantified. Alternatives, risks, regulations and tools were explored to recommend future mercury reduction activities for the LHWMP. Batteries, crematoria, dental office amalgam, electronic products, lamps, P-traps, pipes & plumbing, float switches, vehicle switches, fever thermometers and wall thermostats were researched in detail.

Preventing spills: how to store materials so spills don't happen
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 900 kb)
abstract:	This comprehensive guide to spill prevention addresses: setting up an accumulation area, secondary containment for tanks and containers, diagrams and examples, and routine inspections.

Reduce the Risk of Mercury-Containing Sphygmomanometers
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 171 KB)
abstract:	This fact sheet discusses the ban on the sale of mercury-containing sphygmomanometers in Washington State, describes how to dispose of mercury sphygmomanometers and tells where to purchase non-mercury instruments. It also provides information about managing mercury spills.

Sewer System Disposal Guidelines in King County
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 200 KB)
abstract:	This fact sheet lists discharge limits for wastewaters discharged to the sewer system. Wastewater characteristics, hazardous waste criteria, toxicity, heavy metals and some organic chemicals are included.

Small Quantity Generator Oily Waste Water Management Study: Executive Summary
copy availability:	electronic copy
abstract:	The LHWMP encounters oily wastewater and oil/water separators in small quantity generator shops. Businesses have concerns about the high costs of installing oil/water separators, what type of oil/water separators to use, what wastes are effectively treated in oil/water separators, maintenance and regulatory compliance. This report summarizes research into the functions, performance and maintenance requirements of the various separator designs.

Small Quantity Generator Oily Wastewater Management Study
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 398 KB) To have a printed copy of the report mailed to you, please contact Alice Chapman at alice.chapman@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3058.
abstract:	The LHWMP encounters oily wastewater and oil/water separators in the small quantity generator shops we visit. Businesses have concerns about the high costs of installing oil/water separators, what type of oil/water separators to use, what wastes are effectively treated in oil/water separators, maintenance and regulatory compliance. This report summarizes research into the functions, performance and maintenance requirements of the various separator designs.

Underground tanks
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 150 KB)
abstract:	Different regulations apply to the removal of Heating Oil Tanks and Underground Storage Tanks. This fact sheet describes the differences between these tanks and outlines the regulations that pertain to each. It also discusses how to deal with spills from underground tanks.

Waste Designation, Testing, and Profiling
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 190 KB)
abstract:	A business can't comply with hazardous waste regulations unless it knows exactly what kind of waste has been generated. This fact sheet provides some simple steps for identifying waste and describes the difference between waste "designation", "profiling" and "testing." It also discusses how to manage unidentifed or "unknown" wastes.

All businesses

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Business Disposal Pilot Form: Hazardous Materials Disposal Manifest/Receipt
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 600 KB)
abstract:	The Business Disposal Pilot Form is for businesses participating in the Pilot providing no-cost disposal of small business waste at household hazardous waste facilities in King County. The 2-part form lists wastes disposed, generator information and certification.

Chemicals of Concern in King County
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 230 KB)
abstract:	The Technical Assistance and Pollution Prevention team (TAP2) of the Local Hazardous Waste Management Program researched chemicals considered to present high environmental and human health concerns in King County and the Puget Sound region. Information gathered in this project will used for strategic planning efforts within LHWMP—that is, to help prioritize and address priority pollutants within King County. The “Chemicals of Concern in King County” report lists the chemicals of concern (COCs) according to those surveyed (public agencies and non-profit organizations in King County and the Puget Sound region). It also includes research on pollutants listed under other efforts, such as State Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxin (PBT) programs, as well as emerging high priority pollutants.

EnviroStars-Certified Green Business Directory, 2009
copy availability:	Print copies are available by contacting Laurel Tomchick at laurel.tomchick@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3063. Help us distribute the Directory by taking copies to your community event, local libraries, and other outreach events.
abstract:	EnviroStars is an environmental certification program that provides a proactive way to influence our quality of life in the Pacific Northwest - where residents and businesses place a high value on protecting natural resources. The Green Business Directory lists over 600 EnviroStars certified businesses in Jefferson, King, Kitsap, Pierce and Whatcom counties. Using the directory helps you make greener, healthier choices; the legacy we hand-off to future generations.

Hazardous Waste Directory ("Yellow Book") 2009
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 1.0 MB) Web page/site: Hazardous Waste Management Program: Waste Directory (pdf, 1.0 MB) The Waste Directory is available online (updated monthly) or as a print publication. Print copies can be requested by email (haz.waste@kingcounty.gov), or phone (206-263-8899).
abstract:	The "Yellow Book" Waste Directory is a practical tool for facilities that need help managing their hazardous waste. It tells how and where to dispose of hazardous waste, with specific guidance and vendors for each waste. However, the directory does not list all potential vendors nor does listing constitute an endorsement of the vendor. General information about hazardous waste regulations is also included: protecting yourself by making sure the vendors you hire are responsible, related laws and regulations, preventing spills, labeling wastes, manifests and shipping papers. Resources for getting more help are also provided.

Hazardous Waste Services
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 190 KB)
abstract:	The Local Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County provides many services for residents, business and agencies. This quick reference sheet lists hazardous waste services and contact information.

IMEX and SKIER
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 32 KB)
abstract:	The fact sheet is an invitation to businesses and others to turn wastes into business opportunities. The Industrial Materials Exchange (IMEX) is a free service to find markets for industrial byproducts, surplus and waste. The Seattle-King County Industrial Ecology Roundtable (SKIER) is a forum for sharing information and project collaboration to establish an industrial ecology ethic and culture of sustainability for King County.

Pilot Project: Small Business Hazardous Waste Disposal
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 500 KB)
abstract:	This detailed, full-color fact sheet describes the pilot project for small business hazardous waste disposal in King County. Certain businesses meeting necessary criteria may dispose of their business waste at the houshold hazardous waste sites.

Recycling Mercury Lamps
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 214 KB)
abstract:	This fact sheet provides information for businesses and contractors about how and why to recycle fluorescent lamps and ballasts.

Research Report on Business Recognition Programs
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 566 KB) For a printed copy of this report, please contact Laurel Tomchick at laurel.tomchick@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3063.
abstract:	This report examines the use of public recognition as an incentive to environmental responsibility among businesses. Based on this research, the report gave justification and recommendations for a business recognition program (EnviroStars) to be designed for the LHWMP. Research included a study of 20 other business recognition programs, feedback from King County businesses and consumers, agency and government documents on waste reduction planning, and comments from the LHWMP staff and Citizens Water Quality Advisory Committee (CWQAC). Because the report was published in 1994, contact information for 20 recognition programs surveyed (see Appendix A) is now out of date. Laurel Tomchick at 206-263-3063 or laurel.tomchick@kingcounty.gov, can provide current program contacts.

Take It Back Network -- Recycle your fluorescent bulbs and tubes.
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 103 KB)
abstract:	Look here for a list of fluorescent lamp recycling locations including types of lamps accepted, hours, phone number, address etc. Also find quick recycling instructions and a summary of disposal regulations.

Auto Repair & Service

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Antifreeze Recycling
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 168 KB)
abstract:	This fact sheets describes the regulatory and environmental benefits of recycling antifreeze and provides Washington State requirements for recycling spent antifreeze.

Auto Repair Industry Evaluation Report
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 891 KB)
abstract:	The Local Hazardous Waste Management Program (LHWMP) inspected 981 auto repair businesses located throughout King County, Washington between January 1, 2000 and August 31, 2001. Field investigators conducted site visits with a primary emphasis on providing technical assistance in the management and disposal of hazardous materials. Other issues related to health and worker safety were also covered as part of the inspection process. If an initial visit revealed an area of concern, follow-up visits were conducted to help track the behavior change improvements made by the business. Four hundred and ninety-seven (497) visits revealed that many auto repair businesses complied with all items that were part of the initial inspection process and did not require a follow-up visit. Four hundred and eighty-four (484) follow-up visits to the remaining businesses revealed that many of the non-compliance issues identified on the initial inspection had been corrected and the recommended best management practices (BMP's) provided by field staff were adopted. Information was collected about the disposal practices of all dangerous wastes generated by the business, secondary containment for wastes, manifests and receipts for disposal of wastes, spill materials and procedures for accidental spills, and proper labeling of wastes. Complaint calls were investigated that dealt with the alleged illegal discharges of hazardous wastes to storm drains. Significant improvements were made by the businesses in each of these areas.

Autobody Project Report: Final Report
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 310 KB)
abstract:	This report describes the Hazardous Waste Management Program’s educational efforts to protect public health and the environment within the autobody shop industry by the proper management of hazardous waste and it provides recommendations to improve the Program's services for future activities to priority industries. From 2003 through 2004, investigators revisited autobody shops to focus on reducing halogenated organic hydrocarbons (HOCs) while continuing to educate the industry on minimizing hazardous waste. The project’s goals include achieving environmental compliance by implementing best management practices as well as to compare how autobody shops managed their hazardous wastes in the early 1990s and in 2003 through 2004.

Automotive Mercury Switch Removal Programs
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 380 KB)
abstract:	Several automobile makes and models contain mercury-bearing switches that activate convenience hood and truck lights. This report contains background information on mercury switches in vehicles, a synopsis of mercury removal programs, pros and cons of voluntary programs, considerations for legislative action in Washington State, and final recommendations to the Local Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County.

Characterization of the Waste of Aqueous Parts Washer Cabinets
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 347 KB) For a printed copy of this report, contact Alice Chapman at alice.chapman@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3058.
abstract:	Wastewater and waste sludge (with free flowing water removed) were sampled from eight randomly selected aqueous parts washer cabinets found in auto repair shops in King County, Washington. The wastewater analysis included three components: Total metals, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and non-polar Fats Oils and Grease (FOG). The waste sludge analysis also included three components: Toxic characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) metals with copper, nickel, and zinc, EPA 9076 for halogenated organic compounds (HOC), and solid waste pH. A literature search for toxicity (“book designation”) was also done on the waste using the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) of the detergents used in the machines. All wastewater samples exceeded the local sewer discharge limit of 100 ppm for non-polar fats, oils and greases (average non-polar FOG was 3,400 ppm). Fifty percent of the water samples exceeded the dangerous waste limit for lead or cadmium based on Total metals test results. (Total metals testing is equivalent to a TCLP test on liquid waste with less than 0.5% solids.) None of the samples had VOCs near regulatory levels. One water sample exceeded local sewer discharge limits for arsenic, three exceeded the limit for copper, and six exceeded the limit for zinc.

Characterization Study of Used Antifreeze Recycler Filters
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 730 KB) For a printed copy of this report, please contact Rey Verduzco at rey.verduzco@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3068.
abstract:	Used filters from two types of antifreeze recycler units were sampled from four shops and profiled for waste characterization and designation. Analysis included: total metals, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) metals including copper, nickel and zinc, pH, percent moisture content, weight, ethylene glycol (percent) and acute fish toxicity. None of the TCLP metals were detected above their maximum allowable concentration (MAC). Lead was detected at the highest concentrations, but well below the MAC. Copper, nickel and zinc were detected in all of the samples. The pH for all of the filters was within regulatory limits. The percentage of ethylene glycol of flushed fiber filters was below the ten percent Washington State Department of Ecology guidance threshold. Bioassay results indicated that flushed fiber filters were not acutely toxic to fish. The characterized filters did not designate as dangerous waste for the toxicity characteristic or the Washington state toxicity criteria. Best management practices were developed based on the study findings.

Characterization Study of Used Antifreeze Recycler Filters, Part II
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 1.2 MB) For a printed copy of this report, please contact Rey Verduzco at rey.verduzco@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3068.
abstract:	Used, unflushed and drained antifreeze recycler filters, composed of 99 percent polypropylene, were sampled from three randomly selected Walt's Radiator, Muffler and Brakes shops located in King County, Washington. The filters were profiled for waste characterization and designation. Analysis included the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) for metals, pH and acute fish toxicity. None of the TCLP metals were detected above their regulatory limits. Lead was detected at the highest concentrations, but well below its regulatory limit. The pH for all of the filters was within regulatory limits. Bioassay results indicated that unflushed and drained fiber filters were not acutely toxic to fish. The characterized filters did not designate as dangerous waste for the toxicity characteristic or the Washington state toxicity criteria. Therefore, disposal in a landfill was suggested as a reasonable waste management option. Businesses, using similar equipment and processes, can use the data reported in this study as "process knowledge" to show that their used antifreeze recycler filters do not designate as hazardous waste as defined in the Washington State Dangerous Waste Regulations (Chapter 173-303 WAC).

Autobody Repair & Painting

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Autobody Paint Booth Arrestor Filter Waste Characterization
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 379 KB)
abstract:	Spent paint booth arrestor filters generated by thirty autobody shops in King County and nine shops in Kitsap County were sampled and tested for heavy metals and persistent halogenated organic compounds (HOCs). The purpose of this study was to determine whether paint booth filters designate as hazardous waste and develop management recommendations.

Autobody Paint Booth Filters: Are They Hazardous?
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 186 KB)
abstract:	Paint arrestor filters in autobody shops serve an important function by collecting potentially hazardous overspray in paint spray booths. Periodically, the spent paint filters loaded with paint need to be replaced. This fact sheet describes how to determine whether spent filters are hazardous waste and how to properly dispose of them. The results of a sampling study conducted by King and Kitsap counties are also provided.

Autobody Pollution Prevention: Tips from King County Autobody Shops
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 159 KB)
abstract:	These hazardous waste reduction tips were provided by autobody shops in King County. Ideas include general housekeeping, body prep, painting, cleanup and recycling opportunities.

Autobody Project Evaluation
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 5 MB) For a printed copy of this report, please contact Alice Chapman at alice.chapman@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3058.
abstract:	Through education and technical assistance, the autobody project aimed to reduce the amount of hazardous waste going into municipal waste streams and increase knowledge about hazardous waste management and waste minimization in King County's autobody industry. The project included research, print material publication, outreach to jobbers & vocational-technical schools, site visits to all autobody shops in King County and evaluation of behavior changes in the industry. This report summarizes the findings of the project. Of 154 shops evaluated, eighty-seven percent had made improvements while five percent still need to show improvement. Shop owners had positive feedback about the program - sixty-five percent said they would recommend our services to a colleague.

Autobody Project Report: Final Report
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 310 KB)
abstract:	This report describes the Hazardous Waste Management Program’s educational efforts to protect public health and the environment within the autobody shop industry by the proper management of hazardous waste and it provides recommendations to improve the Program's services for future activities to priority industries. From 2003 through 2004, investigators revisited autobody shops to focus on reducing halogenated organic hydrocarbons (HOCs) while continuing to educate the industry on minimizing hazardous waste. The project’s goals include achieving environmental compliance by implementing best management practices as well as to compare how autobody shops managed their hazardous wastes in the early 1990s and in 2003 through 2004.

Autobody Waste Characterization: Autobody Waste Followup Sampling Report
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 679 KB) For a printed copy of this report, contact Alice Chapman at alice.chapman@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3058.
abstract:	Managing Autobody Sanding Dust, Masking Waste, and Paint Booth Filters (Edwards) reported results of sampling these wastes and recommended best management practices. After the report was completed, we became aware of several regulatory changes that could impact the designation and management of these wastes. The follow-up project described in this report builds on the work already completed.

Autobody Waste Characterization: Managing Autobody Sanding Dust, Masking Waste and Paint Booth Filters
copy availability:	At this time, only printed copies of this report are available. Please contact Alice Chapman at alice.chapman@kingcounty.gov to request a copy.
abstract:	Autobody shops may generate waste from painting operations. The Washington State Department of Ecology requires that autobody shops, as potential generators of dangerous waste, characterize the shop's waste, including what is in the products that they use, the contaminants removed from parts and waste sample analysis. Regulatory requirements are confusing and require significant effort to understand. This report provides information and data that can help an autobody shop characterize sanding dust, masking waste and paint booth filters.

Waterborne Coatings and the Autobody Shop: A Status Report
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 193 KB) To have a printed copy mailed to you, please contact Alice Chapman at alice.chapman@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3058.
abstract:	This report presents a summary of the status of waterborne coating systems development. The findings provide current (as of early 1994) technical feasibility information to autobody shops and regulatory decision makers. The information in this report was collected from a variety of sources including manufacturers' representatives, jobbers, trade journals and regulatory agencies. Information is presented in a question answer format. Waterborne coating system issues are described.

Boatyards and marinas

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Maritime Industrial Waste Project: Reduction of Toxicant Pollution from the Maritime Industry in Puget Sound
copy availability:	electronic copy
abstract:	The purpose of the Maritime Industrial Waste Project wast to help establish the means and methods for reducing toxic pollutant discharges from the maritime industry in the Puget Sound area. It investigated, pilot-tested and recommended appropriate treatment technologies and operational changes, with an emphasis on hull-washing operations.

Childcare

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Child Care Assessment Data Analysis, Final Report
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 1.8 MB) To have a printed copy of the report mailed to you, please contact Alice Chapman at alice.chapman@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3058.
abstract:	An assessment of the Child Care industry was completed to identify risk reduction opportunities and determine whether LHWMP services could assist the industry. Survey visits were conducted at both child care centers and licensed in-home child care providers. Six priority topics of interest were included in the survey: art supplies, asthmagens, cleaners, pesticides, phthalates and lead. This report presents the survey methods, data and findings with preliminary recommendations for future work with the industry.

Get the Lead Out - Protect the Children in Your Care
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 63 KB)
abstract:	Lead poisoning can harm many of the body’s systems and can interfere with the normal behavioral and intellectual development in children. Because lead poisoning may have no obvious symptoms, it frequently goes unrecognized. This is a simple one page flyer providing preventive measure, and encouraging child care providers, to protect children in their care.

Dentists

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Dental Office Waste Stream Characterization Study
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 2.5 MB) For a printed copy of this report, please contact Cynthia Balogh at cynthia.balogh@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3075.
abstract:	The Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle (Metro) conducted a study October-December 1990 to 1) identify toxic contaminants discharged to Metro's sanitary sewerage system from dental offices, 2) determine the impact of metals - particularly mercury - in dental waste on the Metro sewerage system; and 3) develop waste management program recommendations. Metro conducted the study as part of its Industrial Waste Small Quantity Generator Program. The study was also done in preparation for the implementation of the LHWMP. Original contact names, addresses and phone numbers in the report are outdated. The current contact is Cynthia Balogh at 206-263-3075, cynthia.balogh@kingcounty.gov. Subsequent to this study, dental industry outreach projects and other studies were completed to reduce mercury discharges from dental offices to the sewer system. Several reports about these efforts are available through the LHWMP publications web site. Contact Cynthia Balogh at cynthia.balogh@kingcounty.gov for more information.

Dental Office Waste Stream Characterization Study: Executive Summary
copy availability:	electronic copy
abstract:	The Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle (Metro) conducted a study October-December 1990 to 1) identify toxic contaminants discharged to Metro's sanitary sewerage system from dental offices, 2) determine the impact of metals - particularly mercury - in dental waste on the Metro sewerage system; and 3) develop waste management program recommendations. Metro conducted the study as part of its Industrial Waste Small Quantity Generator Program. The study was also done in preparation for the implementation of the LHWMP.

Handling dental waste: 2007 Edition
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 284 KB)
abstract:	Poster summarizing management options for dental waste. Includes descriptions of wastes, and disposal options/vendors, for wastes such as amalgam; cleaners and disinfectants; x-ray developer, fixer, and lead foil; sharps and biomedical waste; and precious metals.

King County Dental Project: Pollution Prevention Through Educational Outreach
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 1.6 MB)
abstract:	The project educated dental practitioners in King County about proper hazardous waste management and disposal practices. One goal was to inform dentists of King County Industrial Wastewater's mercury discharge limit. The report describes their improvements in hazardous waste management.

Management of Hazardous Dental Wastes in King County, 1991-2000
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 324 KB)
abstract:	Between 1994 and 2000 King County Hazardous Waste Program and the Seattle-King County Dental Society collaborated to educate King County dentists about the proper management of amalgam-bearing, silver-bearing and other hazardous dental wastes. One goal of the project was for King County dentists to install amalgam separation units to filter amalgam from wastewater and to otherwise collect and manage amalgam-bearing waste. This report summarizes the project and looks at data collected during visits to 221 King County dentists during 1999 and 2000. Briefly, the data show that only 25 dental offices installed separators and less than half the offices followed best management practices for amalgam waste.

Mercury In Waste Dental Amalgam: Why Is It Still a Problem?
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 365 KB)
abstract:	This report looks at King County’s decade-long attempt to remove mercury-containing amalgam from dental wastewater—through voluntary approach and mandatory approaches.

Dry cleaning

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Dry cleaning in King County: should you switch from 'perc'?
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 160 KB)
abstract:	Changes are taking place in the dry cleaning industry. New solvents are now available to replace perchloroethylene 'perc.' New technologies and an increased concern over soil and groundwater contamination have fueled conversion to those potentially less harmful solvents. This fact sheet provides a list of alternative technologies, considerations when deciding what alternative to buy, potential cost savings and technical assistance contacts.

Dry Cleaning Industry Evaluation Report
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 2.55 MB)
abstract:	This report describes program collaboration with local Dry Cleaning Associations and about 340 dry cleaners to reduce the use of perchloroethylene and properly manage perc-contaminated wastes. Data about industry practices and improvements in managing wastes such as separator water, filters and still bottoms are included.

Government Agencies

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Automotive Mercury Switch Removal Programs
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 380 KB)
abstract:	Several automobile makes and models contain mercury-bearing switches that activate convenience hood and truck lights. This report contains background information on mercury switches in vehicles, a synopsis of mercury removal programs, pros and cons of voluntary programs, considerations for legislative action in Washington State, and final recommendations to the Local Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County.

Chemicals of Concern in King County
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 230 KB)
abstract:	The Technical Assistance and Pollution Prevention team (TAP2) of the Local Hazardous Waste Management Program researched chemicals considered to present high environmental and human health concerns in King County and the Puget Sound region. Information gathered in this project will used for strategic planning efforts within LHWMP—that is, to help prioritize and address priority pollutants within King County. The “Chemicals of Concern in King County” report lists the chemicals of concern (COCs) according to those surveyed (public agencies and non-profit organizations in King County and the Puget Sound region). It also includes research on pollutants listed under other efforts, such as State Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxin (PBT) programs, as well as emerging high priority pollutants.

Hazardous Waste Services
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 190 KB)
abstract:	The Local Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County provides many services for residents, business and agencies. This quick reference sheet lists hazardous waste services and contact information.

Mercury Lamp Drum-Top Crusher Study
copy availability:	Web page/site: Drum-Top Crushers \| Universal Waste \| EPA
abstract:	Drum-top crushers (DTCs) are devices that fit on the top of a 55-gallon drum and crush fluorescent lamps into the drum; they are used to improve waste lamp storage and transport. The Mercury Lamp Drum-Top Crusher Study provides the most current information on the performance of DTCs. The Study provides information on mercury emissions control effectiveness for DTCs. EPA believes that with the information from the Study, states, users of mercury-containing lamps, and lamp recyclers will be able to make more informed decisions when managing fluorescent lamps. EPA does not endorse or discourage the use of DTCs.

Research Report on Business Recognition Programs
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 566 KB) For a printed copy of this report, please contact Laurel Tomchick at laurel.tomchick@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3063.
abstract:	This report examines the use of public recognition as an incentive to environmental responsibility among businesses. Based on this research, the report gave justification and recommendations for a business recognition program (EnviroStars) to be designed for the LHWMP. Research included a study of 20 other business recognition programs, feedback from King County businesses and consumers, agency and government documents on waste reduction planning, and comments from the LHWMP staff and Citizens Water Quality Advisory Committee (CWQAC). Because the report was published in 1994, contact information for 20 recognition programs surveyed (see Appendix A) is now out of date. Laurel Tomchick at 206-263-3063 or laurel.tomchick@kingcounty.gov, can provide current program contacts.

HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning)

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Freon (CFCs)
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 182 KB)
abstract:	Freon and other chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are used in refrigeration and cooling systems. These gases cannot be vented or evaporated into the air since they damage the ozone layer. This fact sheet provides general tips about handling and recycling CFCs and CFC-containing appliances, like refrigerators.

Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Contractors and Mercury Thermostats
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 215 KB) To request a printed copy of this report, contact the Business Waste Line at 206-296-3976 or bwl@kingcounty.gov.
abstract:	Field staff from the Local Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County visited or called 113 heating, ventilation and air conditioning contractors during the period August 2004 - March 2005 to collect data on the management of mercury thermostats and other hazardous wastes. Data were collected on numbers of mercury thermostats disposed, numbers of mercury thermostats installed, types of buildings that generate mercury thermostats, and other types of hazardous waste generated by the contractors.

Mercury Thermostat Recycling in King County
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 71 KB)
abstract:	This report summarizes data on numbers of mercury thermostats recycled in King County and the State of Washington, gives recycling rates, discusses the effect of a cash incentive and provides sales data. Since mercury thermostat recycling is not increasing, the report concludes with suggestions for future strategies.

Quicksilver Project
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 178 KB) To request a printed copy of this report, contact Gail Savina at 206-263-3062.
abstract:	The Quicksilver Project sought to motivate heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) technicians to recycle out-of-service mercury thermostats by providing a $4 incentive for each thermostat recycled. Between October 2004 and April 2005 a total of 1615 mercury thermostats were recycled by technicians from 115 different HVAC companies.

Summary Report: Mercury Thermostats in Commercial Buildings in King County
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 275 KB)
abstract:	In 2005 the Local Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County conducted a survey to develop estimates of the number of mercury thermostats in King County commercial buildings. A stratified random sample of one percent of commercial buildings was surveyed to collect data on heating controls and other building variables. Statistical tests were done to develop models for estimating the total number of mercury thermostats. The 346 buildings surveys contained 2,433 thermostats; of these, 443 thermostats contained mercury. Based on these data, estimates of the total number of mercury thermostats in King County commercial buildings range from 43,300 to 47,000, and the thermostats would contain an estimated 450 pounds of mercury. The study found that mercury thermostats were prevalent in buildings of all ages and that contractors should be aware of their ubiquity.

Laboratories

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Chemical Vignettes
copy availability:	electronic copy
abstract:	Chemical vignettes are true stories that reveal what can and does happen when hazardous chemicals are improperly managed. These stories come from laboratories of all types: schools, universities, research, commercial or small businesses.

Formaldehyde management in King County: dissecting the options
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 234 KB)
abstract:	Formaldehyde, a compound used in laboratories, hospitals, schools and industries as a tissue preservative, can present health hazards. This fact sheet discusses the regulation of formaldehyde solutions by Washington State and the King County sewer system.

Laboratory Waste Management Guide
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 211 KB) For a printed copy of the report, contact Dave Waddell at dave.waddell@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3069.
abstract:	The fifth edition of the management guide (first edition published in 1994) is part of a comprehensive program to reduce the amount of hazardous waste generated by businesses. This edition updates the information on the regulatory status of ortho-phthalaldehyde, a commonly used disinfectant. The practices recommended in these guidelines will help analytical, medical, teaching, and biotechnology labs properly manage hazardous materials and reduce hazardous waste. The guidelines also help businesses and agencies in King County decide whether their waste may be acceptable for discharge to the sewer. Though the specific focus is King County, many of the recommendations are applicable to labs anywhere in the United States.

Landscaping, Nurseries & Related Services

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Grow Smart, Grow Safe
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 1 MB)
abstract:	A review of five hundred and fifty lawn and garden consumer products. Pest controls, fertilizers and alternatives and where to purchase.

How to Choose a Landscape Company
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 442 KB)
abstract:	This fact sheet provides a rationale for selecting landscape contractors that use fewer chemicals and pesticides and offers a list of questions to ask prospective landscape contractors to see if they use sustainable practices.

Machine shops

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Do your fluids contain chlorine?
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 61 KB)
abstract:	In Washington State, some spent metalworking fluids can be burned as used oil; others cannot. Some must be managed as hazardous waste. To make sure machine shops dispose of wastes in the right place, shop managers need to know if the fluids - and the materials they contact - contain compounds with chlorine.

Get your fluids to last longer and stay cleaner
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 51 KB)
abstract:	Prevent bad odors and machine downtime in machine shops. This fact sheet summarizes three keys to managing metalworking fluids: concentration, tramp oils and sump cleaning. These were drawn from research into fluid management practices in small machine shops shops located in King County.

Machine Shop Best Management Practices and Pollution Prevention
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 1.3 MB) Since this is a large report to download, a printed version is also available. Contact Alice Chapman at alice.chapman@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3058 to request a copy.
abstract:	This in-depth report describes recommendations for extending the useful life of metalworking fluids, best management practices for machine shop wastes, and pollution prevention options for these wastes. It summarizes a model shop case study and cost-benefit comparison. Technical research for this project included reviewing literature and regulations, networking with vendors and other experts, and a sampling study of fourteen machine shops in King County.

Metal Fabricator and Equipment Manufacturer Sector Selection
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 265 KB) For a printed copy of this report, please contact Alice Chapman at alice.chapman@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3058.
abstract:	The metal fabricator and equipment manufacturer project team conducted a needs assessment to gather information about businesses found in Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, and 39. Information was gathered to understand the processes and wastes within each of these SIC Codes and to facilitate the selection of business sector(s) to be included in the metal fabricator and equipment manufacturer project. Based on the criteria for sector selection established by the metal fabricator and equipment manufacturer project and on the data collected during the needs assessment, the following business groupings are proposed for further discussion: - Machine shops - Automotive machine shops - Electronics - Boatbuilders and shipbuilders - Jewelry manufacturers - Sign manufacturers

Medical/Health Care

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Comment on EPA's 2003-2008 Strategic Plan
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 180 KB)
abstract:	In a comment to EPA, the IRAC Pharmaceutical Workgroup requests that EPA address the issue of improperly disposed waste pharmaceuticals in their FY 2003-2008 Strategic Plan. A survey in King County, Washington indicated that most medical facilities are improperly disposing of waste pharmaceuticals that designate as hazardous waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). IRAC contends that improper disposal of waste pharmaceuticals contributes to poor water quality by introducing endocrine disrupters, persistent bioaccumulative toxins, and other organic wastewater contaminants. Because pharmaceuticals are not labeled with the RCRA designation, medical personnel find it extremely difficult to know which drugs need special disposal. The IRAC Pharmaceutical Workgroup asks EPA to work with the FDA to require the bar code label on pharmaceutical containers (now being proposed by FDA) also contain the waste disposal status under RCRA.

Companies that Take Back Unwanted Pharmaceuticals: A Directory of 'Reverse Distributors' Serving King County
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 160 KB) For a printed copy of this publication, contact Cheri Grasso at cheri.grasso@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3089.
abstract:	A directory of reverse distributors, companies that identify themselves as available to assist with the management of pharmaceutical returns for credit, destruction or disposal. Unless otherwise noted, these companies provide credit for returnable drug. They accept controlled substances II - V, unused sharps and legend drugs including partially used bottles, samples, and pills that have been dropped if identifiable. This directory is not all-inclusive. Inclusion in this directory does not constitute endorsement of the companies listed.

Managing Pharmaceutical Waste
copy availability:	Web page/site: WA State Department of Ecology: Managing Pharmaceutical Waste
abstract:	Ecology is helping health care facilities improve the way they dispose of pharmaceutical waste to prevent it from entering the environment. The information on this page is for medical facilities. In the future we may add pages for other groups that generate waste pharmaceuticals. Medical facilities will find information on best management practices for pharmaceuticals and what disposal options are for this waste. Some pharmaceuticals are excluded from regulation if they meet certain criteria and if they are incinerated.

Pharmaceutical Reverse Distributor Survey
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 1.22 MB)
abstract:	Summarizes results of phone surveys of pharmaceutical reverse distributors for services available to small businesses in King County. Reverse distributors (also referred to as the returns industry) typically accept shelf-life expired drugs and arrange for credit processing thru the original drug manufacturer. Manufacturers offer credits back to drug dispensers for excess stocks as a marketing tool and to reduce liability risks for managing excess pharmaceuticals.

Pharmaceutical Waste Bibliography
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 141 KB)
abstract:	The Interagency Regulatory Analysis Committee (IRAC) Pharmaceutical Workgroup was established at the request of the Medical Industry Roundtable to examine existing regulations affecting the management of drug wastes. While several proposals were made to imporve drug waste management practices and associated regulations, discussions were hampered by a lack of data about drug waste generation, current management practices and input from the regulated community about feasible options. A literature review was conducted to locate data on these issues and identified resources were listed in this bibliography.

Pharmaceutical Waste Survey
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 660 KB) For a printed copy of this report, please contact Debra Oliver at debra.oliver@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3079.
abstract:	In King County, Washington, sixty potential pharmaceutical waste generators were surveyed for waste quantities, characterization and management practices. Survey respondents were also asked about their awareness of the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and for preferred waste management options. A total of 121 wastestreams (which were divided into 15 categories) from 55 sites were identified. Quantity data were available for 89 wastestreams and physical state data were available for 100 wastestreams. Waste disposition practices were identified for 115 wastestreams. These disposition methods included accumulate and wait, biohazard container, down the drain, garbage, hazardous waste vendor, other, returned to pharmacy and reverse distributor. A key finding of the study is that with a few exceptions (mostly large hospitals, pharmacies and those using chemotherapy drugs), the health care industry has been unaware of its responsibility to meet both federal and state hazardous waste regulations.

Nail salons

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Nail Polish Remover Waste Characterization
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 2.63 MB) For a printed copy of the report, contact Alice Chapman at alice.chapman@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3058.
abstract:	Nail salons typically use acetone-based nail polish remover and generate cotton balls with residues of nail polish and solvent. This report presents the results of two small studies and regulatory research to characterize spent saturated cotton balls or cotton cord generated by nail salons in King County. From the regulation review, it was determined that cotton balls are not listed solvent waste. Washington State toxicity criteria were evaluated first with book designation and then with a static acute fish toxicity bioassay. Because the waste was not toxic to fish, the spent cotton balls are not dangerous waste and may be managed as regular garbage.

Nail Salons: How to Handle Nail Salon Waste in King County
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 311 KB)
abstract:	Waste acetone and certain other chemicals used in nail salons are considered hazardous waste and must be managed and disposed of safely. This brochure describes how to manage some nail salon wastes. Highlighted subjects include: nail polish remover waste, used cotton balls, old nail polish, reducing solvent use, potential safety hazards and reducing chemical exposure.

Nail Salons: How to Handle Nail Salon Waste in King County (Vietnamese translation)
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 415 KB)
abstract:	Waste acetone and certain other chemicals used in nail salons are considered hazardous waste and must be managed and disposed of safely. This brochure describes how to manage some nail salon wastes. Highlighted subjects include: nail polish remover waste, used cotton balls, old nail polish, reducing solvent use, potential safety hazards and reducing chemical exposure.

Vietnamese Healthy Nail Salon Project
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 139 KB)
abstract:	This one-page English language flyer describes the outreach program to salon owners and technicians on creating a safe work environment, training on proper waste disposal, emergency response, financial resources, and contacts. Includes pictures of safer practices and techniques.

Vietnamese Healthy Nail Salon Project (Vietnamese Translation)
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 626 KB)
abstract:	This one-page Vietnamese language flyer describes the outreach program to salon owners and technicians on creating a safe work environment, training on proper waste disposal, emergency response, financial resources, and contacts. Includes pictures of safer practices and techniques.

Painting

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Empty paint cans
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 140 KB)
abstract:	Washington State Dangerous Waste Regulations define when a container is "empty." This fact sheet provides information about empty cans, how to recycle and/or dispose of them, and rules regarding shipping empty containers.

Guidelines for Working with Lead-Based Paint in Washington State
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 175 KB)
abstract:	This guide gives you a broad overview of what you need to know to protect yourself, the public’s health, and the environment when working with lead paint. Lead and its compounds are toxic. Unless you work safely with lead-based paint, you risk contaminating your home or the job site, polluting the environment, and harming others. Young children and the unborn are the most vulnerable.

Lead-based paint and paint removal
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 170 KB)
abstract:	There are specific requirements for removing lead-based paint from older buildlings and for disposing of paint chips, dust and other paint wastes that contain lead. This fact sheets describes which buildings contain lead paint, how to find out about disposal requirements and processes involved in removing paint.

Leftover paint
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 73 KB)
abstract:	This fact sheet provides information about how to dispose of leftover latex paint, paint cans, paint washwater, specialty paints and oil-based paints.

Paint Wastes
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 170 KB)
abstract:	Commercial painters need to understand how to properly dispose of latex paint waste, specialty and oil-based paint, paint wastewater, and lacquer thinner and solvent waste. This fact sheet provides information about how to manage various paint wastes and contacts for more information.

Pharmaceutical

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Companies that Take Back Unwanted Pharmaceuticals: A Directory of 'Reverse Distributors' Serving King County
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 160 KB) For a printed copy of this publication, contact Cheri Grasso at cheri.grasso@kingcounty.gov or 206-263-3089.
abstract:	A directory of reverse distributors, companies that identify themselves as available to assist with the management of pharmaceutical returns for credit, destruction or disposal. Unless otherwise noted, these companies provide credit for returnable drug. They accept controlled substances II - V, unused sharps and legend drugs including partially used bottles, samples, and pills that have been dropped if identifiable. This directory is not all-inclusive. Inclusion in this directory does not constitute endorsement of the companies listed.

Pharmaceutical Reverse Distributor Survey
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 1.22 MB)
abstract:	Summarizes results of phone surveys of pharmaceutical reverse distributors for services available to small businesses in King County. Reverse distributors (also referred to as the returns industry) typically accept shelf-life expired drugs and arrange for credit processing thru the original drug manufacturer. Manufacturers offer credits back to drug dispensers for excess stocks as a marketing tool and to reduce liability risks for managing excess pharmaceuticals.

Pharmaceutical Waste Bibliography
copy availability:	electronic copy (pdf, 141 KB)